Which organizational theory explains the factors that promote performance of people in any
organization?

A.
Herzberg’s theory

B.
Maslow’s Hierarchy theory

C.
McGregor’s theory

D.
Expectancy theory

Explanation:
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, also known as Two Factor Theory, was developed by
Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist who found that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction acted
independently of each other. Two Factor Theory states that there are certain factors in the
workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Two
Factor Theory distinguishes between the following: Motivators (e.g. challenging work, recognition,
responsibility) which give positive satisfaction, arising from intrinsic conditions of the job itself,
such as recognition, achievement, or personal growth. Hygiene factors (e.g. status, job security,
salary and fringe benefits) which do not give positive satisfaction, although dissatisfaction results
from their absence. These are extrinsic to the work itself, and include aspects, such as company
policies, supervisory practices, or wages/salary. Essentially, hygiene factors are needed to ensure
an employee is not dissatisfied. Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee to
higher performance, Herzberg also further classified our actions and how and why we do them, for
example, if you perform a work-related action because you have to, then that is classed as
movement, but if you perform a work-related action because you want to, then that is classed as
motivation.

Answer option C is incorrect. McGregor’s X and Y theory describes the team members and their
behavior on the project and how management responds.
Answer option B is incorrect. It describes the five layer of needs we all have.
Answer option D is incorrect. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make
choices.