Which of the following was the first mathematical model of a multilevel security policy used to define the concepts of a security state and mode of access, and to outline rules of access?

A.
Biba

B.
Bell-LaPadula

C.
Clark-Wilson

D.
State machine

Explanation:
B: This is a formal definition of the Bell-LaPadula model, which was created and implemented to protect government and military confidential information.