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Which type is being shown in the graphic that follows?

There are several different types of authentication technologies. Which type is being shown in the graphic that follows?

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A.
802.1x

B.
Extensible Authentication Protocol

C.
Frequency hopping spread spectrum

D.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

Explanation:
A: The 802.1x standard is a port-based network access control that ensures a user cannot make a full network connection until he is properly authenticated. This means a
user cannot access network resources and no traffic is allowed to pass, other than authentication traffic, from the wireless device to the network until the user is properly
authenticated. An analogy is having a chain on your front door that enables you to open the door slightly to identify a person who knocks before you allow him to enter your
house. User authentication provides a higher degree of confidence and protection than system authentication.
B is incorrect because Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is not a specific authentication technology; instead, it provides a framework to enable many types of
authentication techniques to be used during point-to-point (PPP) connections. As the name states, it extends the authentication possibilities from the norm (PAP and CHAP) to
other methods such as one-time passwords, token cards, biometrics, Kerberos, and future mechanisms. So when a user connects to an authentication server and both have
EAP capabilities, they can negotiate between a longer list of possible authentication methods.
C is incorrect because spread spectrum means that something is distributing individual signals across the allocated frequencies in some fashion. This is used in wireless
communication and is not an authentication technology. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) takes the total amount of bandwidth (spectrum) and splits it into smaller
subchannels. The sender and receiver work at one of these channels for a specific amount of time and then move to another channel. The sender puts the first piece of data on
one frequency, the second on a different frequency, and so on. The FHSS algorithm determines the individual frequencies that will be used and in what order, and this is referred
to as the sender’s and receiver’s hop sequence.
D is incorrect because orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a digital multicarrier modulation scheme that compacts multiple modulated carriers tightly
together, reducing the required bandwidth. The modulated signals are orthogonal (perpendicular) and do not interfere with each other. OFDM uses a composite of narrow
channel bands to enhance its performance in high-frequency bands. This is used in wireless communication and is not an authentication technology.

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