Which stage of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is characterized by having organizational processes that are proactive?

A.
Initial

B.
Managed

C.
Defined

D.
Optimizing

Explanation:
C: In the initial stage, the processes are unpredictable, poorly controlled, and reactive. During the managed stage, the processes are characterized for projects (not the entire organization) and it is often reactive. In the defined stage, the processes are characterized for the entire organization and are proactive. In the optimizing stage the organization focuses on continuous process improvement.Page 701.