Company A submitted a bid on a contract to do work for Company B via email. Company B was insistent that
the bid did not come from Company A. Which of the following would have assured that the bid was submitted
by Company A?

A.
Steganography
B.
Hashing
C.
Encryption
D.
Digital Signatures
Explanation:
A digital signature is similar in function to a standard signature on a document. It validates the integrity of the
message and the sender. The message is encrypted using the encryption system, and a second piece of
information, the digital signature, is added to the message.
So company B claims that company A never sent an email but says that the bod never actually come from Company A.
So the message was
1) Sent by company A
2) Received by company B
3) Yet company B challenges the fact that it was company A which in fact sent the bid
So we are looking on here at the principle of non-repudiation.
First, let’s start with a process of Elimination:
A) Steganography would further hide the message. It makes no sense as it only makes matters worse. Why would anyone send a bid hidden inside an image?
B) Hashing deals with the integrity of the message, but it does not guarantee of delivery and of non-repudiation
C) Encryption protects the message but it does not guarantee proof of delivery or non-repudiation
Only D-Digital signatures are a form of proof of delivery
Digital Signatures
**A digital signature is used to introduce the qualities of uniqueness and non-deniability to internet communications. Each certificate is digitally signed by a trusted Certificate Authority or CA, and its hash value is encrypted with a private key also held by that same trusted CA.
**A digital signature is similar in function to a standard signature on a document. It validates the integrity of the message and the sender. The message is encrypted using the encryption system, and a second piece of information, the digital signature, is added to the message.
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