Which of the following presents an inherent risk with no distinct identifiable preventive controls?

A.
Piggybacking

B.
Viruses

C.
Data diddling

D.
Unauthorized application shutdown

Explanation:

Data diddling involves changing data before they are entered into the computer. It is one of the
most common abuses, because it requires limited technical knowledge and occurs before
computer security can protect the datA. There are only compensatingcontrols for data diddling.
Piggybacking is the act of following an authorized person through a secured door and can be
prevented by the use of deadman doors. Logical piggybacking is an attempt to gain access
through someone who has the rights, e.g., electronically attaching to an authorized
telecommunication link to possibly intercept transmissions. This could be prevented by encrypting
the message. Viruses are malicious program code inserted into another executable code that can
self-re plicate and spread from computer to computer via sharing of computer diskettes, transfer of
logic over telecommunication lines or direct contact with an infected machine. Antiviral software
can be used to protect the computer against viruses. The shutdownof an application can be
initiated through terminals or microcomputers connected directly (online) or indirectly (dial-up line)
to the computer. Only individuals knowing the high-level logon ID and password can initiate the
shutdown process, which iseffective if there are proper access controls.