Which of the following presents an inherent risk with no distinct identifiable preventive controls?

A.
Piggybacking

B.
Viruses

C.
Data diddling

D.
Unauthorized application shutdown

Explanation:
Data diddling involves changing data before they are entered into the computer. It is one of the
most common abuses, because it requires limited technical knowledge and occurs before computer
security can protect the datA. There are only compensatingcontrols for data diddling. Piggybacking
is the act of following an authorized person through a secured door and can be prevented by the
use of deadman doors. Logical piggybacking is an attempt to gain access through someone who
has the rights, e.g., electronically attaching to an authorized telecommunication link to possibly
intercept transmissions. This could be prevented by encrypting the message. Viruses are malicious
program code inserted into another executable code that can self-re plicate and spread from
computer to computer via sharing of computer diskettes, transfer of logic over telecommunication
lines or direct contact with an infected machine. Antiviral software can be used to protect the
computer against viruses. The shutdownof an application can be initiated through terminals or
microcomputers connected directly (online) or indirectly (dial-up line) to the computer. Only
individuals knowing the high-level logon ID and password can initiate the shutdown process, which
iseffective if there are proper access controls.