In an expert system, the process of beginning with a possible solution
and using the knowledge in the knowledge base to justify the solution
based on the raw input data is called:

A.
Forward chaining

B.
Dynamic reasoning

C.
A blackboard solution

D.
Backward chaining

Explanation:
Backward chaining is generally used when there are a large number
of possible solutions relative to the number of inputs.
*Answer Dynamic reasoning is a distracter.
Answer forward chaining, is the reasoning approach that
can be used when there is a small number of solutions relative to the
number of inputs. The input data is used to reason forward to
prove that one of the possible solutions in a small solution set is the
correct one.

*The blackboard is an expert system reasoning
methodology in which a solution is generated by the use of a virtual
blackboard wherein information or potential solutions are placed
on the blackboard by a plurality of individuals or expert knowledge
sources. As more information is placed on the blackboard in an
iterative process, a solution is generated.