Which of the following models manages the software development process if the developers are
limited to go back only one stage to rework?

A.
Waterfall model

B.
Spiral model

C.
RAD model

D.
Prototyping model

Explanation:
In the waterfall model, software development can be managed if the developers are
limited to go back only one stage to rework. If this limitation is not imposed mainly on a large
project with several team members, then any developer can be working on any phase at any time,
model is a software development process combining elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. The basic
principles of the spiral model are as follows: The focus is on risk assessment and minimizing
project risks by breaking a project into smaller segments and providing more ease-of- change
during the development process, as well as providing the opportunity to evaluate risks and weigh
consideration of project continuation throughout the life cycle. Each cycle involves a progression
through the same sequence of steps, for each portion of the product and for each of its levels of
elaboration, from an overall concept-of-operation document down to the coding of each individual
program. Each trip around the spiral traverses the following four basic quadrants: Determine
objectives, alternatives, and constraints of the iteration. Evaluate alternatives, and identify and
resolve risks. Develop and verify deliverables from the iteration. Plan the next iteration.
Begin each cycle with an identification of stakeholders and their win conditions, and end each
development method (SDM). In this model, a prototype is created, tested, and then reworked as
necessary until an adequate prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system or
refers to a type of software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid
prototyping.