In 1996, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) sponsored a treaty under which
participating countries would standardize treatment of digital copyrights. One of the items of
standardization was the prohibition of altering copyright management information (CMI) that is
included with the copyrighted material. CMI is:

A.
Licensing and ownership information

B.
A listing of Public keys

C.
An encryption algorithm

D.
Product description information

Explanation:
The other answers are distracters. The WIPO digital copyright legislation that resulted in the US was
the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). In addition to addressing answer d, the
DMCAprohibits trading, manufacturing, or selling in any way that is intended to bypass copyright
protection mechanisms. It also addresses Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that unknowingly support
the posting of copyrighted material by subscribers. If the ISP is notified that the material is
copyrighted, the ISP must remove the material. Additionally, if the posting party proves that the
removed material was of lawful use, the ISP must restore the material and notify the copyright
owner within 14 business days. Two important rulings regarding the DMCA were made in 2001. The
rulings involved DeCSS, which is a program that bypasses the Content Scrambling System (CSS)
software used to prevent viewing of DVD movie disks on unlicensed platforms. In a trade secrecy
case [DVD-CCA v. Banner], the California Appellate Court overturned a lower court ruling that an
individual who posted DeCSS on the Internet had revealed the trade secret of CSS. The appeals court
has reversed an injunction on the posting of DeCSS, stating that the code is speech-protected by the
First Amendment. The second case [Universal City v. Reimerdes] was the first constitutional

challenge to DMCA anti-circumvention rules. The case involved Eric Corley, the publisher of the
hacker magazine 2600 MagazinE. Corley was covering the DeCSS situation and, as part of that
coverage, posted DeCSS on his publications Web site. The trial and appellate courts both ruled that
the posting violated the DMCA and was, therefore, illegal. This ruling upheld the DMCA. It appears
that there will be more challenges to DMCA in the future.