Which statement describes a spanning-tree network that has converged?

A.
All switch and bridge ports are assigned as either root or designated ports.

B.
All switch and bridge ports are in the forwarding state.

C.
All switch and bridge ports are in either the forwarding or blocking state.

D.
All switch and bridge ports are either blocking or looping.

Explanation:

When a switch first comes up, it will be in the listening and learning states. This is needed so that
the switch learns the MAC addresses of the devices on the LAN, and to learn where any loops in
the network may exist. After this initial period of listening and learning, the ports will be forwarding
to the hosts, or blocking certain ports that create a loop in the network. An example of this is
shown below:

In the above figure, after the network has converged, spanning tree protocol puts each port either
in designated (Forwarding) or Non-designated (Blocking) state. So, Choice D is correct.
If you get a converged spanning-tree network, you have only two port states. Forwarding and
Blocking. Forwarding: all traffic will be forwarded Blocking: all traffic to devices that will create a
loop in a spanning-tree network will be blocked. It is possible to get redundant paths in large
switched and routed networks.