Which two features prevent routing loops between the OSPF sites of a customer when the sites
are multihomed or a backdoor link is used between the sites? (Choose two.)

A.
sham link

B.
down bit

C.
virtual link

D.
Site of Origin

E.
domain tag

Explanation:
If a route sent from a PE router to a CE router could then be received by another PE router from
one of its own CE router, there are chances of routing loops. This situation is possible when a
“backdoor link” connects two CE routers connected to two different PE routers.

To prevent this, the PE sets the DN bit in any LSA that it sends to the CE router. If the PE router
receives any LSA with DN bit set, it ignores the LSA.
1) DN bit:
When a PE router sends a Type-3 LSA to a CE router, the DN bit in LSA Options field must be set.
Now if the CE router sends the Type-3 LSA to other PE router(s), the PE router will not redistribute
it further.
When a PE router needs to distribute a route to a CE router which comes from the outside of CE
router’s OSPF domain, the PE router presents itself as an ASBR and distributes the route in Type-
5 LSA. The DN bit must be set in the LSA.
The Options field is present in all LSAs. The Options field is 1-byte long as followsDN O DC EA N/P MC E MT
2) Route Tags (Domain Tags):
In some implementations (where DN bit is not set), Domain Tags (named by Cisco) are used to
ensure Type-5
LSAs generated by a PE router will be ignored by other PE routers that may receive it.
The value of Domain tag is configurable and arbitrary if not set. Hence must be distinct from other
OSPF tags