Select the statement that best describes “The cure for Amplification Principle” in the Internet
domain, as explained in RFC 3429 (Internet Architectural Guidelines)

A.
None of the above

B.
Amplification is prevented if local changes have only a local effect as opposed to system in
which local change have a global effect

C.
Amplification is prevented if global changes have only a local effect as opposed to systems in
which global changes have a local effect

D.
Internet domain does not suffer from “The Amplification Principle” as BGP takes care of
misbehaving advertisers

Explanation:
In the Internet domain, it has been shown that increased interconnectivity results in more complex
and often slower BGP routing convergence [AHUJA]. A related result is that a small amount of
inter-connectivity causes the output of a routing mesh to be significantly more complex than its
input [GRIFFIN]. An important method for reducing amplification is ensure that local changes have
only local effect (this is as opposed to systems in which local changes have global effect). Finally,
ATM provides an excellent example of an amplification effect: if you lose one cell, you destroy the
entire packet (and it gets worse, as in the absence of mechanisms such as Early Packet Discard
[ROMANOV], you will continue to carry the already damaged packet).