Which of the following is a building working model of a database system?

A.
Prototyping

B.
Bottom-up approach

C.
Conceptual database design

D.
Top-down approach

Explanation:
Prototyping refers to the creation of a working model of the database system. The purpose of
Prototyping is to suggest improvements or even
add new features; to identify features of a system that work well, or are inadequate; to evaluate
feasibility of a particular system design; to
clarify a user’s requirements.
Answer D is incorrect. In a top-down approach, a schema is created through a series of successive
refinements, starting from the first
schema, which is gradually expanded by using appropriate modifications that increase the detail of
the various concepts. Moving from one
level to another, the schema is modified using some basic transformations called top-down
transformation primitives.
Answer B is incorrect. In a bottom-up approach, the preliminary specifications are broken down into
smaller components so that each
component describes a basic fragment of the specifications. These components are then
represented by schemas, some of which may consist
of single concepts. The schemas are later obtained to be integrated together until a final schema is
obtained.
Answer C is incorrect. Conceptual database design is the process of constructing a model for the
data at a high level of abstraction
without using DBMS. It consists of the construction of an Entity-Relationship schema, providing an
optimal description of the user
requirements.