Secure customer use of an e-commerce application can BEST be accomplished through:

A. data encryption.

B. digital signatures.

C. strong passwords.

D. two-factor authentication.

Explanation:

Encryption would be the preferred method of ensuring confidentiality in customer communications with an e-commerce application. Strong passwords, by themselves, would not be sufficient since the data could still be intercepted, while two-factor authentication would be impractical. Digital signatures would not provide a secure means of communication. In most business-to-customer (B-to-C) web applications, a digital signature is also not a practical solution.