Methods to test the responses of software and web applications to unusual or unexpected inputs
are known as:

A.
Brute force.

B.
HTML encoding.

C.
Web crawling.

D.
Fuzzing.

Explanation:
Fuzzing is a software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data
to as inputs to a computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as
crashes, or failed validation, or memory leaks.