A process in which the functionality of an application is tested without any knowledge of the
internal mechanisms of the application is known as:

A.
Black box testing

B.
White box testing

C.
Black hat testing

D.
Gray box testing

Explanation:
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application
without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied to
virtually every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically
comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also dominate unit testing as well.
Specific knowledge of the application’s code/internal structure and programming knowledge in
general is not required. The tester is aware of what the software is supposed to do but is not
aware of how it does it. For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain,
invariable output but is not aware of how the software produces the output in the first place.