Which of the following is a project management concept in which software developers merge code changes into a central repository multiple times a day?

A. CD

B. CI

C. DevSecOps

D. DevOps

Explanation:
Continuous Integration (CI) is a project management concept in which software developers merge code changes into a central repository multiple times per day. Continuous Delivery (CD), on the other hand, automates the software release process. Together, these two concepts are known as the CI/CD pipeline. Changes in code that are committed by using CI automatically trigger a CD process that builds and then tests the application with the updated code included.

The CI/CD pipeline typically involves a series of four stages: the Source stage, the Build stage, the Test stage, and the Deploy stage. The Source stage is the point at which changes to code are committed to a repository. A change in the Source stage then triggers the Build stage. The Build stage is where the new code is compiled into an executable application. However, scripting languages or languages that rely on a runtime environment instead of an encoded executable typically skip the Build stage. After the Build stage, the application moves to the Test stage where automated tests verify the code and whether the application functions as expected. Assuming the application passes the Test stage, it then moves to the Deploy stage. In the Deploy stage, the application is deployed to a staging environment, a beta environment, or a production environment.

DevSecOps is a project management concept that prioritizes security, moving it to the front of the application development process. Traditionally, functions and features take precedence over security when applications are being developed. As a result, the frequent release of updates from developers to patch security holes as they were uncovered became commonplace. DevSecOps aims to move security to the front of the application development process in order to ensure that security is built into an application throughout the development life cycle.

DevOps is a project management concept that aims to mitigate conflicts between software development and other IT roles and processes. As software development processes have evolved, more developers began to recognize that other IT roles and processes are often kept separate from software development. This division can create conflicts between development teams and IT operations teams within an organization. For example, software produced through the Agile development process might not be well understood, supported, or implemented by the operations teams.

In the late 2000s, DevOps was conceived to mitigate these conflicts. Based on Agile production, delivery, management, operation, and maintenance, it includes the added goal of fostering collaboration between Agile software development teams and IT operations teams throughout the software’s life cycle. Implementing DevOps involves merging the work of quality assurance (QA) teams, operations teams, and development teams into a single major development process. Therefore, DevOps can help increase the speed and reliability of software development, testing, and deployment.