Which of the following terms is described in statement below? “It is a collection of conceptual tools for
describing data, data relationship, data semantics,and consistency constraints.”

A.
Data model

B.
Generic Data Model

C.
Relational model

D.
Entity-Relationship Model

Explanation:
A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationship, data semantics, and
consistency constraints. In software
engineering, it is the process of creating a data model by applying formal data model descriptions using data
modeling techniques.
Answer D is incorrect. The Entity-Relationship Model is a collection of objects called entities and the
relationships between these
objects. Entities in a database are known as attributes. A relationship is an association among several entities.
It is a conceptual
representation of structured data. Entity-relationship modeling is a relational schema database modeling
method that is used in software

engineering to produce a type of conceptual data model of a system, often a relational database.
The logical structure of a database can be
expressed graphically by an E-R diagram, which has the following components:
Rectangle: It represents entity sets.
Ellipse: It represents attributes.
Diamond: It represents relationships among entity sets.
Line: It links attributes to entity sets.
Answer C is incorrect. A relational model uses a collection of tables to represent both data and the relationship
between those data.
Every table has multiple columns, and each column has a unique name. A relational model is an example of a
record-based model. Recordbased models are so named because the database is structured in a fixed format. Each table in the database
contains records of a particular
type and each record type defines a fixed number offields or attributes. This model is the most widely used
data model, and most database
systems are based on this model. This model is at alower level of abstraction than the E-R Model. Answer B is
incorrect. Generic data models are generalizations of conventional data models. They define standardized
general relation
types, together with the kinds of things that may be related by such a relation type. The Generic DataModel is
a pattern where all the
attributes are separated from the object and saved in a different table.