Which of the following presents an inherent risk with no distinct identifiable preventive controls?

A.
Piggybacking

B.
Viruses

C.
Data diddling

D.
Unauthorized application shutdown

Explanation:
Data diddling involves changing data before they are entered into the computer. It is one of the
most common abuses, because it requires limited technical knowledge and occurs before computer
security can protect the datA . There are only compensatingcontrols for data diddling. Piggybacking
is the act of following an authorized person through a secured door and can be prevented by the use
of deadman doors. Logical piggybacking is an attempt to gain access through someone who has the
rights, e.g., electronically attaching to an authorized telecommunication link to possibly intercept
transmissions. This could be prevented by encrypting the message. Viruses are malicious program
code inserted into another executable code that can self-re plicate and spread from computer to
computer via sharing of computer diskettes, transfer of logic over telecommunication lines or direct
contact with an infected machine. Antiviral software can be used to protect the computer against
viruses. The shutdownof an application can be initiated through terminals or microcomputers
connected directly (online) or indirectly (dial-up line) to the computer. Only individuals knowing the
high-level logon ID and password can initiate the shutdown process, which iseffective if there are
proper access controls.