What discipline combines the physical environment and sociology issues that surround it to reduce crime rates and the fear of crime?
A.
Layered defense model
B.
Target hardening
C.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
D.
Natural access control
Explanation:
C: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a discipline that outlines how the proper design of a physical environment can reduce crime by
directly affecting human behavior. It provides guidance in loss and crime prevention through proper facility construction and environmental components and
procedures. The crux of CPTED is that the physical environment can be manipulated to create behavioral effects that will reduce crime and the fear of crime. It
looks at the components that make up the relationship between humans and their environment. This encompasses the physical, social, and psychological needs of
the users of different types of environments and predictable behaviors of these users and offenders. For example, CCTV cameras should be mounted in full view
so that criminals know their activities will be captured and other people know the environment is well monitored and thus safer.
A is incorrect because a layered defense model is a tiered architecture of physical, logical, and administrative security controls. The concept is that if one layer
fails, other layers will protect the valuable asset. Layers should be implemented moving from the perimeter toward the asset. For example, you would have a
fence, then your facility walls, then an access control card device, then a guard, then an IDS, and then locked computer cases and safes. This series of layers will
protect the company’s most sensitive assets, which would be placed in the innermost control zone of the environment. So if the bad guy were able to climb over
your fence and outsmart the security guard, he would still have to circumvent several layers of controls before getting to your precious resources and systems.
B is incorrect because target hardening focuses on denying access through physical and artificial barriers (alarms, locks, fences, and so on). Traditional target
hardening can lead to restrictions on the use, enjoyment, and aesthetics of an environment. Remember that security entails maintaining a delicate balance
between ease of use and protection. A Parks and Recreation department could implement fences, intimidating signs, and barriers around its parks and green
areas to discourage gangs from congregating, but who would want to play or have a picnic there? The same goes for an office building. You must provide the
necessary levels of protection, but your protection mechanisms should be more subtle and unobtrusive.
D is incorrect because natural access control is the guidance of people entering and leaving a space by the placement of doors, fences, lighting, and even
landscaping. For example, an office building may have external bollards with lights in them. These bollards carry out different safety and security services. The
bollards themselves protect the facility from physical destruction by preventing people from driving their cars into the building. The light emitted helps ensure that
criminals do not have a dark place to hide. And the lights and bollard placement guides people along the side-walk to the entrance, instead of using signs or
railings.