TCP SYN Flood attack uses the three-way handshake mechanism.
1. An attacker at system A sends a SYN packet to victim at system B.
2. System B sends a SYN/ACK packet to victim A.
3. As a normal three-way handshake mechanism system A should send an ACK packet to system
B, however, system A does not send an ACK packet to system B. In this case client B is waiting
for an ACK packet from client A.
This status of client B is called _________________

Lori is a Certified Ethical Hacker as well as a Certified Hacking Forensics Investigator working as
an IT security consultant. Lori has been hired on by Kiley Innovators, a large marketing firm that
recently underwent a string of thefts and corporate espionage incidents. Lori is told that a rival
marketing company came out with an exact duplicate product right before Kiley Innovators was
about to release it. The executive team believes that an employee is leaking information to the
rival company. Lori questions all employees, reviews server logs, and firewall logs; after which she
finds nothing. Lori is then given permission to search through the corporate email system. She
searches by email being sent to and sent from the rival marketing company.
She finds one employee that appears to be sending very large email to this other marketing
company, even though they should have no reason to be communicating with them. Lori tracks

down the actual emails sent and upon opening them, only finds picture files attached to them.
These files seem perfectly harmless, usually containing some kind of joke. Lori decides to use
some special software to further examine the pictures and finds that each one had hidden text that
was stored in each picture.
What technique was used by the Kiley Innovators employee to send information to the rival
marketing company?

You run nmap port Scan on 10.0.0.5 and attempt to gain banner/server information from services
running on ports 21, 110 and 123.
Here is the output of your scan results:

Which of the following nmap command did you run?

How do you defend against Privilege Escalation?

What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote?

You are the security administrator of Jaco Banking Systems located in Boston. You are setting up
e-banking website (http://www.ejacobank.com) authentication system. Instead of issuing banking
customer with a single password, you give them a printed list of 100 unique passwords. Each time
the customer needs to log into the e-banking system website, the customer enters the next
password on the list. If someone sees them type the password using shoulder surfing, MiTM or
keyloggers, then no damage is done because the password will not be accepted a second time.
Once the list of 100 passwords is almost finished, the system automatically sends out a new
password list by encrypted e-mail to the customer.

You are confident that this security implementation will protect the customer from password abuse.
Two months later, a group of hackers called “HackJihad” found a way to access the one-time
password list issued to customers of Jaco Banking Systems. The hackers set up a fake website
(http://www.e-jacobank.com) and used phishing attacks to direct ignorant customers to it. The fake
website asked users for their e-banking username and password, and the next unused entry from
their one-time password sheet. The hackers collected 200 customer’s username/passwords this
way. They transferred money from the customer’s bank account to various offshore accounts.
Your decision of password policy implementation has cost the bank with USD 925, 000 to hackers.
You immediately shut down the e-banking website while figuring out the next best security solution
What effective security solution will you recommend in this case?

More sophisticated IDSs look for common shellcode signatures. But even these systems can be
bypassed, by using polymorphic shellcode. This is a technique common among virus writers ?it
basically hides the true nature of the shellcode in different disguises.
How does a polymorphic shellcode work?

SYN Flood is a DOS attack in which an attacker deliberately violates the three-way handshake
and opens a large number of half-open TCP connections. The signature of attack for SYN Flood
contains:

Which of the following type of scanning utilizes automated process of proactively identifying
vulnerabilities of the computing systems present on a network?

The following script shows a simple SQL injection. The script builds an SQL query by
concatenating hard-coded strings together with a string entered by the user:

The user is prompted to enter the name of a city on a Web form. If she enters Chicago, the query
assembled by the script looks similar to the following:
SELECT * FROM OrdersTable WHERE ShipCity = ‘Chicago’
How will you delete the OrdersTable from the database using SQL Injection?