Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using obstructed URL:

How would you protect from these attacks?

Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?

Switches maintain a CAM Table that maps individual MAC addresses on the network to physical
ports on the switch.

In MAC flooding attack, a switch is fed with many Ethernet frames, each containing different
source MAC addresses, by the attacker. Switches have a limited memory for mapping various
MAC addresses to physical ports. What happens when the CAM table becomes full?

You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking attacks, such
as expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion detection/prevention
tools in your company’s network. You have configured the most secure policies and tightened
every device on your network. You are confident that hackers will never be able to gain access to
your network with complex security system in place. Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the
same department disagrees with you. He says even the best network security technologies cannot
prevent hackers gaining access to the network because of presence of “weakest link” in the
security chain. What is Peter Smith talking about?

How does a denial-of-service attack work?

You are trying to break into a highly classified top-secret mainframe computer with highest security
system in place at Merclyn Barley Bank located in Los Angeles. You know that conventional
hacking doesn’t work in this case, because organizations such as banks are generally tight and
secure when it comes to protecting their systems. In other words you are trying to penetrate an
otherwise impenetrable system. How would you proceed?

This is an attack that takes advantage of a web site vulnerability in which the site displays content
that includes un-sanitized user-provided data.
<ahref=”http://foobar.com/index.html?id=%3Cscript%20src=%22http://baddomain.com/badscript.js
%22%3E%3C/script%3E”>See foobar</a>
What is this attack?

Buffer X in an Accounting application module for Brownies Inc. can contain 200 characters. The
programmer makes an assumption that 200 characters are more than enough. Because there
were no proper boundary checks being conducted, Bob decided to insert 400 characters into the
200-character buffer. (Overflows the buffer). Below is the code snippet:

How can you protect/fix the problem of your application as shown above?

Which of the following encryption is NOT based on block cipher?

Michael is a junior security analyst working for the National Security Agency (NSA) working
primarily on breaking terrorist encrypted messages. The NSA has a number of methods they use
to decipher encrypted messages including Government Access to Keys (GAK) and inside
informants. The NSA holds secret backdoor keys to many of the encryption algorithms used on the
Internet. The problem for the NSA, and Michael, is that terrorist organizations are starting to use
custom-built algorithms or obscure algorithms purchased from corrupt governments. For this
reason, Michael and other security analysts like him have been forced to find different methods of
deciphering terrorist messages. One method that Michael thought of using was to hide malicious
code inside seemingly harmless programs. Michael first monitors sites and bulletin boards used by
known terrorists, and then he is able to glean email addresses to some of these suspected
terrorists. Michael then inserts a stealth keylogger into a mapping program file readme.txt and then
sends that as an attachment to the terrorist. This keylogger takes screenshots every 2 minutes
and also logs all keyboard activity into a hidden file on the terrorist’s computer. Then, the
keylogger emails those files to Michael twice a day with a built in SMTP server. What technique
has Michael used to disguise this keylogging software?