What does ICMP (type 11, code 0) denote?

You are the security administrator of Jaco Banking Systems located in Boston. You are setting up
e-banking website (http://www.ejacobank.com) authentication system. Instead of issuing banking
customer with a single password, you give them a printed list of 100 unique passwords. Each time
the customer needs to log into the e-banking system website, the customer enters the next
password on the list. If someone sees them type the password using shoulder surfing, MiTM or
keyloggers, then no damage is done because the password will not be accepted a second time.
Once the list of 100 passwords is almost finished, the system automatically sends out a new
password list by encrypted e-mail to the customer.

You are confident that this security implementation will protect the customer from password abuse.
Two months later, a group of hackers called “HackJihad” found a way to access the one-time
password list issued to customers of Jaco Banking Systems. The hackers set up a fake website
(http://www.e-jacobank.com) and used phishing attacks to direct ignorant customers to it. The fake
website asked users for their e-banking username and password, and the next unused entry from
their one-time password sheet. The hackers collected 200 customer’s username/passwords this
way. They transferred money from the customer’s bank account to various offshore accounts.
Your decision of password policy implementation has cost the bank with USD 925,000 to hackers.
You immediately shut down the e-banking website while figuring out the next best security solution
What effective security solution will you recommend in this case?

More sophisticated IDSs look for common shellcode signatures. But even these systems can be
bypassed, by using polymorphic shellcode. This is a technique common among virus writers ?it
basically hides the true nature of the shellcode in different disguises.
How does a polymorphic shellcode work?

SYN Flood is a DOS attack in which an attacker deliberately violates the three-way handshake
and opens a large number of half-open TCP connections. The signature of attack for SYN Flood
contains:

Which of the following type of scanning utilizes automated process of proactively identifying
vulnerabilities of the computing systems present on a network?

The following script shows a simple SQL injection. The script builds an SQL query by
concatenating hard-coded strings together with a string entered by the user:

The user is prompted to enter the name of a city on a Web form. If she enters Chicago, the query
assembled by the script looks similar to the following:
SELECT * FROM OrdersTable WHERE ShipCity = ‘Chicago’
How will you delete the OrdersTable from the database using SQL Injection?

What are the limitations of Vulnerability scanners? (Select 2 answers)

Stephanie works as senior security analyst for a manufacturing company in Detroit. Stephanie
manages network security throughout the organization. Her colleague Jason told her in confidence
that he was able to see confidential corporate information posted on the external website
http://www.jeansclothesman.com. He tries random URLs on the company’s website and finds
confidential information leaked over the web. Jason says this happened about a month ago.
Stephanie visits the said URLs, but she finds nothing. She is very concerned about this, since
someone should be held accountable if there was sensitive information posted on the website.

Where can Stephanie go to see past versions and pages of a website?

Dan is conducting penetration testing and has found a vulnerability in a Web Application which
gave him the sessionID token via a cross site scripting vulnerability. Dan wants to replay this
token. However, the session ID manager (on the server) checks the originating IP address as well.
Dan decides to spoof his IP address in order to replay the sessionID. Why do you think Dan might
not be able to get an interactive session?

Jason works in the sales and marketing department for a very large advertising agency located in
Atlanta. Jason is working on a very important marketing campaign for his company’s largest client.
Before the project could be completed and implemented, a competing advertising company comes
out with the exact same marketing materials and advertising, thus rendering all the work done for
Jason’s client unusable. Jason is questioned about this and says he has no idea how all the
material ended up in the hands of a competitor.
Without any proof, Jason’s company cannot do anything except move on. After working on
another high profile client for about a month, all the marketing and sales material again ends up in
the hands of another competitor and is released to the public before Jason’s company can finish

the project. Once again, Jason says that he had nothing to do with it and does not know how this
could have happened. Jason is given leave with pay until they can figure out what is going on.
Jason’s supervisor decides to go through his email and finds a number of emails that were sent to
the competitors that ended up with the marketing material. The only items in the emails were
attached jpg files, but nothing else. Jason’s supervisor opens the picture files, but cannot find
anything out of the ordinary with them.
What technique has Jason most likely used?