What is the most common cause of buffer overflow in software today?
A buffer overflow occurs when a program or process tries to store more data in a buffer (temporary data storage area) than it was intended to hold. What is the most common cause of buffer overflow in software today?
The two popular types of buffer overflows prevalent today are:
Buffer overflows are one of the top flaws for exploitation on the Internet today. A buffer overflow occurs when a particular operation/function writes more data into a variable than the variable was designed to hold. The two popular types of buffer overflows prevalent today are:
What authentication mechanism is being followed here?
Jackson discovers that the wireless AP transmits 128 bytes of plaintext, and the station responds by encrypting the plaintext. It then transmits the resulting ciphertext using the same key and cipher that are used by WEP to encrypt subsequent network traffic. What authentication mechanism is being followed here?
Who are the primary victims of these attacks on the Internet today?
Smurf is a simple attack based on IP spoofing and broadcasts. A single packet (such as an ICMP Echo Request) is sent as a directed broadcast to a subnet on the Internet. All the machines on that subnet respond to this broadcast. By spoofing the source IP address of the packet, all the responses will get sent to the spoofed IP address. Thus, a hacker can often flood a victim with hundreds of responses for every request the hacker sends out.
Who are the primary victims of these attacks on the Internet today?
What are some common vulnerabilities in web applications that he should be concerned about?
Bret is a web application administrator and has just read that there are a number of surprisingly common web application vulnerabilities that can be exploited by unsophisticated attackers with easily available tools on the Internet.
He has also read that when an organization deploys a web application, they invite the world to send HTTP requests. Attacks buried in these requests sail past firewalls, filters, platform hardening, SSL, and IDS without notice because they are inside legal HTTP requests. Bret is determined to weed out any vulnerabilities. What are some common vulnerabilities in web applications that he should be concerned about?
Which of the following best describes Vulnerability?
Which of the following best describes Vulnerability?
com/tools/)However, are there any other alternative ways to make sure that the services that have been scanned
Scanning for services is an easy job for Bob as there are so many tools available from the Internet. In order for him to check the vulnerability of Brownies Inc., he went through a few scanners that are currently available.
Here are the scanners that he used:
Axent’s NetRecon (http://www.axent.com)
SARA, by Advanced Research Organization (http://www-arc.com/sara/)
VLAD the Scanner, by Razor (http://razor.bindview.com/tools/)
However, are there any other alternative ways to make sure that the services that have been scanned will be more accurately reported and detailed for Bob? What would be the best method to accurately identify the services running on a victim host?
What kind of Denial of Service attack was best illustrated in the scenario above?
Bob was frustrated with his competitor, Brownies Inc., and decided to launch an attack that would result in serious financial losses. He planned the attack carefully and carried out the attack at the appropriate moment. Meanwhile, Trent, an administrator at Brownies Inc., realized that their main financial transaction server had been attacked. As a result of the attack, the server crashed and Trent needed to reboot the system, as no one was able to access the resources of the company. This process involves human interaction to fix it. What kind of Denial of Service attack was best illustrated in the scenario above?
How would you prevent such attacks from occurring in the future at Spears Technology?
Spears Technology, Inc is a software development company located in Los Angeles, California. They reported a breach in security, stating that its “security defenses has been breached and exploited for 2 weeks by hackers.” The hackers had accessed and downloaded 90,000 addresses containing customer credit cards and passwords. Spears Technology found this attack to be so severe that they reported the attack to the FBI for a full investigation. Spears Technology was looking to law enforcement officials to protect their intellectual property.
How did this attack occur? The intruder entered through an employee’s home machine, which was connected to Spears Technology’s corporate VPN network. The application called BEAST Trojan was used in the attack to open a “back door” allowing the hackers undetected access. The security breach was discovered when customers complained about the usage of their credit cards without their knowledge.
The hackers were traced back to Beijing, China through e-mail address evidence. The credit card information was sent to that same e-mail address. The passwords allowed the hackers to access Spears Technology’s network from a remote location, posing as employees. The intent of the attack was to steal the source code for their VOIP system and “hold it hostage” from Spears Technology, in exchange for ransom.
The hackers had intended on selling the stolen VOIP software source code to competitors.
How would you prevent such attacks from occurring in the future at Spears Technology?
Data is sent over the network as clear text (unencrypted) when Basic Authentication is configured on Web Serve
Data is sent over the network as clear text (unencrypted) when Basic Authentication is configured on Web Servers.