Which of the following are types of flow control? (Choose three.)
A.
buffering
B.
cut-through
C.
windowing
D.
congestion avoidance
E.
load balancing
Explanation:
http://www.info-it.net/cisco/ccna/exam-tips/flow-control.php
During Transfer of data, a high speed computer is generating data traffic a lot faster than the
network device can handle in transferring to destination, so single gateway or destination device
cannot handle much amount of traffic that is called “Congestion”.
Buffering
The Technie is used to control the data transfer when we have congestion, when a network device
receive a data it stores in memory section and then transfer to next destination this process called“Buffering”.
Windowing Whereas Windowing is used for flow control by the Transport layer.
Say the sender device is sending segments and the receiver device can accommodate only a
fixed number of segments before it can accept more, the two devices negotiate the window size
during the connection setup.
This is done so that the sending device doesn’t overflow the receiving device’s buffer.
Also the receiving device can send a single acknowledgement for the segments it has received
instead of sending an acknowledgement after every segment received.
Also, this window size is dynamic meaning, the devices can negotiate and change the window size
in the middle of a session. So if initially the window size is three and the receiving device thinks
that it can accept more number of segments in its buffer it can negotiate with the sending device
and it increase it to say 5 for example.
Windowing is used only by TCP since UDP doesn’t use or allow flow control.
Windowing is the process of taking a small subset of a larger dataset, for processing and analysis.
A naive approach, the rectangular window, involves simply truncating the dataset before and after the window, while not modifying the contents of the window at all.
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Three types of flow control are buffering, windowing & congestion avoidance:
+ Buffering: If a device receives packets too quickly for it to handle then it can store them in a memory section called a buffer and proceed them later.
+ Windowing: a window is the quantity of data segments that the transmitting device is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgment for them. For example:
With the window size of 1, the sending device sends 1 segment and the receiving device must reply with 1 ACK before the sending device can send the next segment. This “waiting” takes some time.
By increasing the window size to 3, the sending device will send up to 3 segments before waiting an ACK -> helps reduce the waiting time.
+ Congestion avoidance: lower-priority traffic can be discarded when the network is overloaded -> minimize delays.
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