What visibility denies access to properties and methods outside of the class?

When you need to process the values of columns in a database, you should:

What is the output of the following code?
<code>
1 <?php
2 function append($str)
3 {
4 $str = $str.’append’;
5 }
6
7 function prepend(&$str)
8 {
9 $str = ‘prepend’.$str;
10 }
11
12 $string = ‘zce’;
13 append(prepend($string));
14 echo $string;
15 ?>
</code>

You want to access the 3rd character of a string, contained in the variable $test. Which of the
following possibilities work?(Choose 2)

Do constants have global scope or local scope?

What is the output of the following code?
<code>
$a = 3;
switch ($a) {
case 1: echo ‘one’; break;
case 2: echo ‘two’; break;
default: echo ‘four’; break;
case 3: echo ‘three’; break;
}
</code>

You are creating an application that repeatedly connects to a database to retrieve order data for
invoices. All data comes from the same database. In order to preserve resources, you have to
ensure that only one database connection should be used at any time. The code also has to open
as few new database connections as possible. Which design pattern should you use for this
scenario?

Some databases support the LIMIT clause. It is a method to ensure that …

What piece of code would you use to obtain an array of response headers for a given URL,
indexed by their respective names?

What is “instanceof” an example of: