Many approaches to Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) are used to identify valid and useful patterns in
data. This is an evolving field of study that includes a variety of automated analysis solutions such as Data
Mining. Which of the following is not an approach used by KDD?

A.
Probabilistic

B.
Oriented

C.
Deviation

D.
Classification

Explanation:
Oriented is not a KDD approach.
The following are three approaches used in KDD systems to uncover these patterns:
Classification – Data are grouped together according to shared similarities.
Probabilistic – Data interdependencies are identified and probabilities are applied to their relationships.
Statistical – Identifies relationships between data elements and uses rule discovery.
Another fourth data mining technique is deviation detection: find the record(s) that is (are) the most different
from the other records, i.e., find all outliers. These may be thrown away as noise or may be the “interesting”
ones.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Probabilistic is a KDD approach where data interdependencies are identified and probabilities are applied to
their relationships.
C: deviation detection is a KDD approach where the records that are the most different from the other records,
i.e., find all outliers, are found.
D: Classification is a KDD approach which identifies relationships between data elements and uses rule
discovery.

Conrad, Eric, Seth Misenar and Joshua Feldman, CISSP Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Syngress, Waltham, 2012,
p. 1368
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining