Related to information security, the guarantee that the message sent is the message received with the
assurance that the message was not intentionally or unintentionally altered is an example of which of the
following?

A.
Integrity

B.
Confidentiality

C.
Availability

D.
Identity

Explanation:
Information must be accurate, complete, and protected from unauthorized modification. When a security
mechanism provides integrity, it protects data, or a resource, from being altered in an unauthorized fashion. If
any type of illegitimate modification does occur, the security mechanism must alert the user or administrator in
some manner.
Hashing can be used in emails to guarantee that the message sent is the message received with the assurance
that the message was not intentionally or unintentionally altered.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Confidentiality is the assurance that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals, programs, or
processes. This is not what is described in the question.
C: Availability ensures reliability and timely access to data and resources to authorized individuals. This is not
what is described in the question.
D: Identity would be the sender or recipient of the email message. It does not guarantee that the message sent
is the message received with the assurance that the message was not intentionally or unintentionally altered.

Harris, Shon, All In One CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2013, pp. 23, 159