Which of the following encrypt/decrypt steps provides the GREATEST assurance of achieving confidentiality, message integrity and nonrepudiation by either sender or recipient?

A. The recipient uses their private key to decrypt the secret key.

B. The encrypted prehash code and the message are encrypted using a secret key.

C. The encrypted prehash code is derived mathematically from the message to be sent.

D. The recipient uses the senders public key, verified with a certificate authority, to decrypt the prehash code.

Explanation:

Most encrypted transactions use a combination of private keys, public keys, secret keys, hash functions and digital certificates to achieve confidentiality, message integrity and nonrepudiation by either sender or recipient. The recipient uses the senders public key to decrypt the prehash code into a posthash code, which when equaling the prehash code, verifies the identity of the sender and that the message has not been changed in route; this would provide the greatest assurance. Each sender and recipient has a private key known only to themselves and a public key, which can be known by anyone. Each encryption/decryption process requires at least one public key and one private key, and both must be from the same party. A single, secret key is used to encrypt the message, because secret key encryption requires less processing power than using public and private keys. A digital certificate, signed by a certificate authority, validates senders and recipients public keys.