What hacking attack is challenge/response authentication used to prevent?

A.
Scanning attacks

B.
Password cracking attacks

C.
Replay attacks

D.
Session hijacking attacks

Explanation:
A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it. With a challenge/response authentication you ensure that captured packets can’t be retransmitted without a new authentication.