What is the essential difference between an ‘Ethical Hacker’ and a ‘Cracker’?

How do you defend against ARP Spoofing? Select three.

What does the term “Ethical Hacking” mean?

TCP SYN Flood attack uses the three-way handshake mechanism.
1. An attacker at system A sends a SYN packet to victim at system B.
2. System B sends a SYN/ACK packet to victim A.
3. As a normal three-way handshake mechanism system A should send an ACK packet to system
B, however, system A does not send an ACK packet to system B. In this case client B is waiting
for an ACK packet from client A.
This status of client B is called _________________

Who is an Ethical Hacker?

Lori is a Certified Ethical Hacker as well as a Certified Hacking Forensics Investigator working as
an IT security consultant. Lori has been hired on by Kiley Innovators, a large marketing firm that
recently underwent a string of thefts and corporate espionage incidents. Lori is told that a rival
marketing company came out with an exact duplicate product right before Kiley Innovators was
about to release it. The executive team believes that an employee is leaking information to the
rival company. Lori questions all employees, reviews server logs, and firewall logs; after which she
finds nothing. Lori is then given permission to search through the corporate email system. She
searches by email being sent to and sent from the rival marketing company.
She finds one employee that appears to be sending very large email to this other marketing
company, even though they should have no reason to be communicating with them. Lori tracks

down the actual emails sent and upon opening them, only finds picture files attached to them.
These files seem perfectly harmless, usually containing some kind of joke. Lori decides to use
some special software to further examine the pictures and finds that each one had hidden text that
was stored in each picture.
What technique was used by the Kiley Innovators employee to send information to the rival
marketing company?

What is “Hacktivism”?

You run nmap port Scan on 10.0.0.5 and attempt to gain banner/server information from services
running on ports 21, 110 and 123.
Here is the output of your scan results:

Which of the following nmap command did you run?

Where should a security tester be looking for information that could be used by an attacker against
an organization? (Select all that apply)

How do you defend against Privilege Escalation?