Which of the following tests a number of security controls in the least invasive manner?

A.
Vulnerability scan

B.
Threat assessment

C.
Penetration test

D.
Ping sweep

Explanation:
Vulnerability scanning has minimal impact on network resource due to the passive nature of the scanning.
A vulnerability scan is the process of scanning the network and/or I.T. infrastructure for threats and
vulnerabilities. The threats and vulnerabilities are then evaluated in a risk assessment and the necessary
actions taken to resolve and vulnerabilities. A vulnerability scan scans for known weaknesses such as missing
patches or security updates.
A vulnerability scan is the automated process of proactively identifying security vulnerabilities of computingsystems in a network in order to determine if and where a system can be exploited and/or threatened. While
public servers are important for communication and data transfer over the Internet, they open the door to
potential security breaches by threat agents, such as malicious hackers.
Vulnerability scanning employs software that seeks out security flaws based on a database of known flaws,
testing systems for the occurrence of these flaws and generating a report of the findings that an individual or an
enterprise can use to tighten the network’s security.